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Connecting India’s East with the Indo-Pacific

  • Published
    9th Dec, 2022
Context

An effective way to work for a ‘free, open, inclusive, peaceful, and prosperous Indo-Pacific is to involve our eastern regions, using the cultural, environmental, and historical linkages.

India’s Indo-Pacific Strategy via Northeast:

  • Common to India’s other policies:India’s Northeastern states, situated between Delhi and Southeast Asia over the Bay of Bengal, anchor the convergence of Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) vision and India’s Act East policy.
  • Strategic Geographic location: Northeast is a key frontier in India’s Indo-Pacific engagement as it borders China and Bhutan to the north and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the west and east making connectivity easier.

India’s Act East policy:

  • India's Act East Policy focuses on the extended neighborhood in the Asia-Pacific region.
  • India has upgraded its relations to a strategic partnership with Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Australia, Singapore, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and forged close ties with all countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
  • Further, apart from ASEAN, ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and East Asia Summit (EAS), India has also been actively engaged in regional fora such as the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC) and Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA).
  • Other important schemes for North-east
  • Prime Minister's Development Initiative for North East Region (PM-DevINE)
  • North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme (NESIDS)
  • Pradhan Mantri Gati Shakti Master Plan: for developing infrastructural facilities in North East region

The North-eastern states joining hands with Indo-Pacific:

  • The Northeast which comprises seven Stateshas been witnessing transformation as it heads towards better security conditions and development.
  • Since 2018, India’s ‘Look East’ and ‘Act East’ policieshave moved into the phase of Indo-Pacific policy and strategy.
  • Recently, both Indo-Pacific conclaves were hosted by the Asian Confluence, a think tank leading in the study of India’s northeast.
    • The first was in partnership with the Ministry of External Affairs and Manipur University, and
    • The second had the United States Consulate Generalin Kolkata as the partner.
  • But, there, the still issues that need to ensure adequate security, speed up economic development and connect better with the rest of India and Southeast Asian nations. 

How merging the Northeast with the Indo-pacific strategy can be helpful for India?

  • For economic development:The Northeast is on the right path to concentrate on economic development.
  • Making the region as a hub of Indian Ocean island countries: With the improvement in roads linking north-eastern towns and job creation for thousands of graduates, India can harness their potential to attract investments, jobs, and students from south Asian countries.
    • For example; Manipur can be promoted as the hub of medical tourismfor other Indian States and neighbors such as Myanmar.
    • The State’s research and development facilitiescan also be used to leverage the region’s biodiversity.
  • Helpful in the development of Northeast: Accelerated development requires increased investment by Indian corporates and foreign investors as well as better management.
  • Using Cultural influence: By expanding the reach of cultural diplomacy and people-to-people cooperationthrough greater educational exchanges, tourism, and trade is desirable for a stronger Indo-Pacific.
    • An ambitious endeavor by 75 artistsfrom nine countries highlighted the region’s ‘unity in diversity through music, dance, drama, and cuisine.

The linkage between Northeast and South Asia:

Developments

Challenges

  • Connectivity through the North-eastern states became a priority for India’s foreign policy in 2003, providing a new dimension to the Look East Policy (LEP).
  • Seven Sister’s Corridor project:  The Centre has envisaged connecting the NE state capitals to the EW highway through the Seven Sister’s Corridor project.
  • o   This will link the capitals of the seven states and the border points of Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. 
  • It is a problem, as extending the linkages with Southeast Asia with the Northeast remains unfulfilled, as there are no potential markets on the Indian side of the border.
  • The economic reforms and policies initiated by both Central and State governments do not complement the existing infrastructure in these states.
  • The trade between India and ASEAN is mostly manufacturing products and is restrictive towards agricultural products.
  • Therefore the NE states do not have a comparative advantage in India’s export to ASEAN.
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