Context

Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP), a component of fly ash, have been identified for the first time in an Antarctic ice core, according to a new study.

What is fly ash?

• Fly ash is a residue generated in combustion and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. 
• Fly ash is a heterogeneous material. The main chemical components present in fly ash are:
• Silicon dioxide
• Aluminum oxide
• Ferric oxide
• Calcium oxide (occasionally)
• Source: Coal-fired power plants are the biggest sources of fly ash, which contains toxic chemicals such as arsenic, barium, cadmium, nickel and lead, among others.
• Impact: Without proper management, fly ash can pollute the waterways, ground water, drinking water, and air, posing a risk to humans, wildlife, and the environment.

What are the applications?

• In the commercial and industrial sectors, fly ash has a wide variety of applications and uses, though it is primarily known for improving the durability and workability of concrete mixes. 
• Fly ash is also a filler in paints, adhesives, and metal and plastic composites. 
• It's commonly used as structural fill for road construction and fly ash can be used to make bricks, ceramic tiles, plaster, Portland cement, and ready-mix cement.