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Counting Matters
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Context
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin has called for an all-party meeting to discuss the delimitation exercise. This comes in light of growing concerns over how population growth disparities across States could impact representation in Parliament. Delimitation has been frozen since 1973, with the 84th Constitutional Amendment setting the exercise to be based on the first Census after 2026. The delay in the Census has raised questions about the timing of the delimitation exercise.
Impact of Delimitation on Tamil Nadu’s Representation
- Concerns Over Population-based Representation: Tamil Nadu fears that a population-based delimitation could lead to a reduction in its representation in Parliament.
- Comparative Growth Rates: From 1971 to 2024, Tamil Nadu's population grew by 171%, while undivided Bihar’s grew by 233%, yet both states have similar numbers of Lok Sabha MPs.
- Disproportionate Impact on Southern States: States with lower fertility rates like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka may lose out if delimitation is carried out on a purely population-based formula.
The Federalism Issue and Delimitation
- Federal Balance at Stake: While an increase in the overall number of Lok Sabha seats could favor highly populated Northern States, the principle of federalism demands that the balance of power between states is maintained.
- Uncertainty in Southern States' Representation: Home Minister Amit Shah has stated that there will be no reduction in the proportion of seats for Southern States, but there is no clarity on how this will be implemented in the delimitation process.
- Equal Proportions and Representation: Federalism should ensure that each State maintains its rightful share of representation, taking into account regional population disparities without creating undue imbalances.
Delay in Census and the Legitimacy of Delimitation
- Concerns Over Census Delay: The delay in the 2021 Census raises suspicions that it might be used as a pretext for an earlier delimitation exercise, which could be controversial.
- Need for Expediency in Census: The government must expedite the Census process to ensure transparency and credibility in the upcoming delimitation, to avoid doubts about its motives.
- The Significance of the Census Exercise: The Census is fundamental for accurate representation in Parliament, and its delay could undermine the democratic principle of proper population representation.
Practice Question:
Q. Examine the concerns raised by Tamil Nadu regarding the proposed delimitation exercise. How does the issue of federal balance, population growth, and delay in Census affect the legitimacy of the exercise?
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