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Lyme disease
Context
The global spread of Lyme disease is being fueled by climate change, making diagnosis and treatment more challenging. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks.
About the disease:
- Cause and Transmission: Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks, commonly known as deer ticks.
- Symptoms and Stages: Early symptoms include fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes. A characteristic sign is the "bull's-eye" rash, known as erythema migrans. If untreated, the infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system.
- Treatment: Lyme disease is typically treated with antibiotics. Early-stage Lyme disease is often treated with oral antibiotics such as doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime. Later stages may require intravenous antibiotics for more severe cases.
- Prevention: Preventive measures include avoiding tick-infested areas, using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, performing regular tick checks after outdoor activities, and promptly removing any attached ticks. Reducing tick habitats around homes by clearing tall grasses and using pesticides can also help prevent Lyme disease.
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