Great Nicobar Island Project

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Context:

The Government of India has approved the multi-phase Great Nicobar Island Project, integrating strategic infrastructure with environmental and tribal safeguards

Strategic and Developmental Importance

Maritime Connectivity:The project includes an International Container Transhipment Terminal (ICTT) with a capacity of 14.2 million TEU, positioning India as a key hub in the Indian Ocean Region.
Aviation Infrastructure:A greenfield international airport is planned, enhancing passenger and cargo connectivity between India and global destinations.
Energy and Township:A 450 MVA gas and solar-based power plant and a 16,610-hectare township are envisaged to support economic and social development.

Environmental and Tribal Safeguards

Environmental Compliance:The project received clearance after detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP), and prescribed statutory procedures.
Tribal Protection:The Nicobarese and Shompen tribes will not be displaced, and a monitoring committee has been mandated to oversee their welfare during project implementation.
Tribal Reserve Management:Of the 84.10 sq. km tribal reserve affected, 73.07 sq. km is being de-notified and compensated by re-notification of 76.98 sq. km, resulting in a net addition of 3.912 sq. km.

Ecological Mitigation and Institutional Oversight

Forest Diversion and Afforestation:Out of 130.75 sq. km of diverted forest, only 7.11 lakh trees will be felled, while 65.99 sq. km will remain green; compensatory afforestation will be carried out in Haryana.
Wildlife Corridors:Eight viaduct-based wildlife corridors are planned to ensure safe movement of species, including arboreal animals, snakes, crabs, and crocodiles.
Scientific Studies:Institutions such as the Zoological Survey of India, Botanical Survey of India, SACON, and WII have conducted detailed ecological studies, ensuring scientific oversight.

Practice Question:

The Great Nicobar Island Project is being described as a model where economy and ecology complement each other. Critically examine this statement in the context of India’s strategic, environmental, and tribal welfare commitments. (250 words)

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