Kathmandu Irresolution

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Context:

Nepal is witnessing youth-led protests triggered by deep-seated grievances over corruption, inequality, and the failure to implement promises made in the 2006 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA).

Historical Background

Comprehensive Peace Agreement (2006): The CPA was signed between the Maoists and the Nepalese government to end the 10-year-long civil war, creating hopes for peace, justice, and democracy.
Democratic Transition: The monarchy was abolished, and the interim constitution (2007) paved the way for a new republican framework based on inclusiveness and human rights.
Institutional Provisions: The CPA also mandated the formation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and Commission on Disappeared Persons (CIEDP) to address conflict-era human rights violations.

Failure of Implementation

Unfulfilled Commitments: Successive governments failed to deliver justice, truth-seeking, or reparations to victims, leaving CPA promises largely unimplemented.
Constitutional Limitations: Although Nepal promulgated a new Constitution in 2015, political compromises diluted its inclusiveness, leaving marginalized groups disillusioned.
Corruption and Inequality: Corruption scandals, elite capture of state resources, and widening socio-economic inequalities have fueled frustration among youth.

Contemporary Youth Protests

Gen Z Mobilisation: Young protesters are rejecting corruption and demanding a more accountable, inclusive, and equitable political order.
Economic Disparities: Nepal’s per capita income is only ?1.54 lakh, and unemployment remains high, with many youths forced to migrate for work.
Quest for Justice: The protests highlight Nepal’s failure to utilize post-conflict peacebuilding resources effectively, instead squandering them on political patronage.

Practice Question

“Despite the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2006, Nepal continues to witness cycles of unrest and inequality. Analyse the structural failures of Nepal’s post-conflict peacebuilding and their implications for regional stability.” (250 words)

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