10th September 2025 (16 Topics)
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India and Nepal’s Gen Z
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Context:
Mass protests led by Nepal’s young generation against governance failures and digital restrictions have created political instability with direct implications for India.
The Gen Z Uprising
- Trigger of Protest: The blackout of social media platforms in Nepal acted as the immediate spark, mobilising a digitally active youth against corruption and misgovernance.
- Youth Demographic: With over 40,000,000 internet users and a median age of 24, Nepal’s youth form a decisive political force demanding accountable governance.
- Systemic Failures: Frequent changes of government, blurred governance lines, and entrenched corruption have eroded legitimacy, fueling discontent among young citizens.
Regional Consequences for India
- Spillover Risks: Any collapse of Nepal’s state capacity will impact India directly, especially in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, and Uttarakhand through migration and instability.
- Historical Lessons: Experiences from Bangladesh show that youth-driven unrest can quickly transform into anti-India sentiment if New Delhi is perceived as interfering.
- Strategic Vulnerability: A politically unstable Nepal risks becoming a ground for external actors, threatening India’s security and regional stability.
The Way Forward for India
- Listening Approach: India must engage with Nepal’s youth voices through cultural exchanges, scholarships, and educational partnerships to build trust.
- Supportive Role: Assistance in digital infrastructure, governance reforms, and institutional strengthening should be extended discreetly, not as prescriptive intervention.
- Strategic Patience: By avoiding overt political involvement and instead fostering people-to-people ties, India can reinforce long-term goodwill and stability in Nepal.
Practice Question:
"India’s strategic partnership with Nepal is being tested by the recent youth-led protests and governance crisis. Discuss the implications for India’s internal and external security, and evaluate the role New Delhi should play in supporting democratic reforms in Nepal." (250 words)
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