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India–US 2+2 Dialogue
Context:
India and the United States held the 2+2 Dialogue to discuss energy security, defence cooperation, and trade frictions, amid tensions over tariffs and Russian oil imports.
About the 2+2 Dialogue
- The 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue is the highest-level institutional mechanism between India and the US.
- It involves External Affairs Minister (EAM) and Defence Minister from India, and Secretary of State and Secretary of Defence from the US.
- First held in 2018, it reflects the strategic depth of India–US relations.
Major Focus Areas in the Dialogue
- Energy Security: Addressing implications of Russian oil imports, diversification of energy sources, and transition to clean energy.
- Defence Cooperation: Strengthening military-to-military ties, maritime domain awareness, defence technology sharing.
- Indo-Pacific Strategy: Ensuring a free, open, and rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific, aligned with QUAD principles.
- Trade and Tariffs: Discussion on market access, tariffs, and technology transfers.
- Regional Security Issues: Developments in Ukraine, Indo-Pacific tensions, and counterterrorism.
Strategic Significance
- Builds on the India–US Major Defence Partnership (2016, designated by the US Congress).
- Advances cooperation in critical and emerging technologies (AI, quantum computing, space, semiconductors).
- Reinforces alignment in regional security architecture with QUAD (India, US, Japan, Australia).
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