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Kerala’s final Coastal Zone Management Plan
Context
The final Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) of Kerala is likely to be submitted to the Union Ministry for Environment, Forest and Climate Change for approval shortly.
What is Coastal Zone Management (CZM)?
- Coastal zone management (CZM) is a process of managing the coast, in all aspects of the including geographical and political boundaries, to achieve sustainability.
- India has an exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 2.02 million sq. km and a long coastline of 8,118 km with rich and diverse marine living resources.
- Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) is the area up to 500m from the high-tide line and a stage of 100m along banks of creeks, estuaries, backwater and rivers subject to tidal fluctuations.
- The CRZ Notification, first issued in 1991 and revised in 2011 and 2019, regulates activities in India's coastal areas.
Classification of Coastal Areas
- The new CRZ norms aim to promote sustainable development based on scientific principles.
- It classifies the coastal areas into different zones and imposes restrictions on industrial and developmental activities to protect coastal ecosystems.
- CRZ-1: These are ecologically sensitive areas as they help in maintaining the ecosystem of the coast. They lie between low and high tide line. Exploration of natural gas and extraction of salt are permitted
- CRZ-2: These areas are urban areas located in the coastal areas. Now under new coastal zone regulations 2018, the floor space index norms have been de-freezed.
- CRZ-3: Rural and urban localities which fall outside the 1 and 2. Only certain activities related to agriculture even some public facilities are allowed in this zone
- CRZ-4: This lies in the aquatic area up to territorial limits. Fishing and allied activities are permitted in this zone. Solid waste should be let off in this zone. This zone has been changed from 1991 notification, which covered coastal stretches in islands of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshdweep
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