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Vice-Presidential Election Process
Context
The Election Commission of India has commenced preparatory activities for the 2025 Vice-Presidential election after the resignation of incumbent Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar due to health reasons.
Constitutional Mandate:
- The election to the office of the Vice-President is governed by Article 66 of the Indian Constitution.
- The Election Commission of India (ECI) is empowered to conduct this election under Article 324, which vests the superintendence, direction, and control of elections in the ECI.
Statutory Framework:
- The Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952 and the Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Rules, 1974 regulate the procedure for conducting the election.
- The Returning Officer is appointed by convention from either the Secretary General of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha, on a rotational basis. Two senior officers from the Parliament Secretariat are appointed as Assistant Returning Officers.
Electoral College Composition:
- The Vice-President is elected by an Electoral College comprising both elected and nominated members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
- Unlike the Presidential election, members of State Legislative Assemblies do not participate in the Vice-Presidential election.
- The election is conducted by the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote and the voting is done by secret ballot.
- Party whips do not apply to members while voting in this election, affirming the independence of vote.
Nomination Requirements:
- A candidate’s nomination must be proposed by at least 20 electors and seconded by another 20 electors, all of whom must be members of the Electoral College.
Importance of Timely Election:
- Article 68(2) of the Constitution provides that an election to fill a vacancy in the office of the Vice-President occurring by resignation, death, removal, or otherwise before the expiry of the term shall be held as soon as possible, and the person elected shall hold office for a full five-year term.
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