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China as broker of peace
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Context
China has recently made significant diplomatic strides by brokering agreements between arch-enemies Iran and Saudi Arabia and by uniting various Palestinian factions. These moves reflect China’s growing confidence and ambition in global diplomacy, positioning itself as a key player in international conflicts and highlighting its shift from a regional to a global strategy under Xi Jinping.
Diplomatic Achievements
- Iran-Saudi Arabia Agreement: In 2023, China brokered a historic agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia to re-establish diplomatic ties. The meeting marked a significant success in China's foreign policy aimed at reducing American influence in the Middle East.
- Palestinian Unity Efforts: A year later, China achieved another diplomatic milestone by bringing together 14 Palestinian factions in Beijing, resulting in the "Beijing Declaration" which aimed to end internal divisions and strengthen Palestinian national unity.
- Proposed Solutions: The Beijing Declaration includes a three-step solution for the Palestinian conflict: implementing a Gaza ceasefire, upholding Palestinian governance, and pursuing a two-state solution.
China's Global Strategy
- Xi Jinping’s Vision: Since Xi Jinping’s consolidation of power in 2018, China has shifted its focus from regional issues to global influence, replacing terms like “regional” with “global” in its foreign policy lexicon.
- Global Initiatives: China has introduced three major global initiatives under Xi: the Global Development Initiative (GDI), the Global Security Initiative (GSI), and the Global Civilisation Initiative (GCI). These initiatives aim to reshape global governance, development agendas, and cultural exchanges in line with Chinese principles.
- Challenge to US Influence: China’s proactive diplomatic moves and global initiatives reflect its strategy to challenge US hegemony and assert its own vision of international order, marking a shift towards a more assertive global role.
Mains Question:
Q. Evaluate China's recent diplomatic efforts in the Middle East and its broader global strategy under Xi Jinping. How do these initiatives reflect China's ambitions to alter the global order and challenge existing power structures?
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