Fighting Militants in the Mountains

Since the abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in 2019, which ended the region’s special status, there has been a resurgence of militancy in the Jammu region. This has raised concerns about regional stability and security.

Severity of the Situation

• Increased Militancy: After a period of relative calm, militancy has reemerged in Jammu. In 2020, 18 militants were killed in the region. The following year, militants established a stronghold in the Pir Panjal valley and targeted Army camps and convoys.
• Recent Attacks: In 2023, 12 security personnel, including 11 soldiers, were killed. There were 14 militant attacks in just June and July, almost one every four days.
• Impact on Local Areas: Militancy has spread to Doda, Ramban, and Kishtwar districts. In Saida village, militants attacked local shops and opened fire, causing fear and disruption among residents.

Reasons Behind the Resurgence

• Post-Article 370 Developments: The removal of Article 370 has led to increased militant activity as groups seek to destabilize the region in response to the political changes.
• Strategic Shifts: Militants are using old infiltration routes through Kathua and Samba districts, which were previously inactive. This shift reflects a strategic adaptation by militant groups.
• Challenging Terrain: The difficult mountainous terrain of Jammu, particularly the Pir Panjal and Chenab valleys, provides a strategic advantage to militants, making it hard for security forces to conduct effective operations.

Impact

• Security Forces: The increased militant activity has led to the death of several security personnel and has strained resources. Security forces are facing challenges in patrolling the vast and rugged terrain.
• Local Communities: Villagers are experiencing heightened fear and disruption. Economic conditions and local grievances, such as unemployment and perceived discrimination, are contributing to the challenges.
• Terrorist Tactics: Militants are employing sophisticated tactics, using advanced weaponry and mobile apps for navigation. They are also adapting their appearance to avoid detection, making them harder to differentiate from security forces.

Responses and Measures

• Increased Security Measures: The Army has reinforced its presence with more soldiers and increased patrols. They are also using drones for surveillance. Efforts are being made to detect and neutralize underground tunnels used by militants.
• Political Solutions: The government is being urged to find a political solution to address the underlying issues contributing to militancy.
• Community Outreach: Initiatives are being taken to improve relations with local communities, including mobile schools and medical patrols.