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Declining School Enrolment Trends
Context:
The latest UDISE+ data (2024–25) shows that school enrolment in India has declined for the third consecutive year, attributed mainly to falling birth rates.
UDISE+ Data
- Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) is the government’s system for collecting school-level data from pre-primary to higher secondary.
- It has been recording individual student enrolment since 2022–23, improving accuracy by eliminating duplicate entries.
Trends in Enrolment (2022–25)
- Total enrolment in 2024–25 dropped to 69 crore, from 24.80 crore in 2023–24 and 25.18 crore in 2022–23.
- This is the third consecutive year of decline.
- Government school enrolment: Declined from 62 crore (2022–23) ? 12.16 crore (2024–25).
- Private school enrolment: Increased from 42 crore (2022–23) ? 9.59 crore (2024–25).
Reasons for Decline
- Demographic shifts: Falling birth rates are leading to fewer children entering the primary school-going population.
- Methodological changes in UDISE+ (tracking individual students instead of aggregate data).
- Pandemic-related disruptions earlier also contributed.
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)
- GER at Foundational Stage (pre-primary to Class 2) remained steady at around 4% (2024–25).
- Preparatory level (Classes 3–5): GER improved to 4% (2024–25) from 95.2% (2023–24).
- Middle and secondary levels: GER has increased compared to previous year.
Dropout Trends
- Dropout rate at secondary level declined significantly: 8% (2022–23) ? 8.2% (2024–25).
Structural Shifts
- Share of private schools in enrolment has risen to 39% (2024–25).
- Number of government schools decreased from 18 lakh (2023–24) ? 10.13 lakh (2024–25).
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