29th August 2025 (15 Topics)

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India’s Census 2027 Pre-Test

Context:

The Registrar-General and Census Commissioner of India (RG & CCI) has announced that the pre-test exercise for the Population Census 2027 will be conducted in October–November 2025.

Census 2027 – Key Features

It will be India’s first digital Census using a mobile app, self-enumeration, digital mapping tools, and a web-based portal for real-time monitoring.
It will also be the first Census since 2011 (the 2021 Census was delayed due to COVID-19).
For the first time in Independent India, caste will be enumerated in the Population Census.

Pre-Test Objectives and Scope

The pre-test exercise is conducted to check the efficacy of questionnaires, data collection methods, logistics, training, and data quality assessment.
This year’s pre-test will only cover the first phase — Houselisting and Housing Schedule (HLO) — and not the population enumeration phase.
In contrast, the 2019 pre-test (for the postponed 2021 Census) had tested both phases and included National Population Register (NPR)-related questions.

National Population Register (NPR) and NRC Linkage

The government recently clarified in Lok Sabha (July 2025) that no decision has been taken to update NPR during the 2027 Census.
NPR was first prepared in 2010 along with the 2011 Census (Phase-I) and updated in 2015–16, covering 119 crore residents.
As per Citizenship Rules, 2003 (under Citizenship Act, 1955), NPR is the first step toward creating a National Register of Citizens (NRC).
The RGI has also directed States to freeze boundaries of administrative units by December 31, 2025, to ensure uniformity during enumeration.

Registrar General of India (RGI)

Establishment: Created in 1961 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Mandate: Responsible for conducting Census of India and implementation of the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969.
Other Functions:
- Civil Registration System (CRS).
- Sample Registration System (SRS) for fertility & mortality data.
- Maintaining National Population Register (NPR).
Significance: Provides crucial demographic, social, and economic statistics for policymaking.

Census Commissioner of India

Role: The Registrar General of India also functions as the Census Commissioner of India.
Function: Coordinates and supervises the decennial population Census under the Census Act, 1948.
Responsibilities:
- Planning and execution of Census operations.
- Publication of Census reports.
- Ensuring data quality, security, and confidentiality.
Importance: Census data underpins reservation policies, delimitation, welfare schemes, urban-rural planning etc.

Skill Crisis and Demographic Dividend

Society

Challenges in Indian Capitalism

Economy

Ageing Women and Health Inequities

Society

Displacement by Coal Mining in Odisha

Social Issues

U.S. Tariffs on Indian Exports

Economy

Flood Crisis in Yamuna Floodplains

Disaster Management

Declining School Enrolment Trends

Polity & Governance

India–Sri Lanka Parliamentary Ties

International Relations

India–Japan Strategic Partnership

International Relations

Industrial Growth Hits Four-Month High

Economy

U.S. Ends Duty-Free Imports

Economy

India Launches OSAT Facility

Science & Technology

India’s Samudrayaan Deep-Sea Mission

Science & Technology

GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

India’s Census 2027 Pre-Test