11th September 2025 (16 Topics)
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India–China at SCO Summit
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Context:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit in Tianjin, China, where India and China discussed bilateral ties and multilateral cooperation under the SCO framework.
SCO Summit Outcomes
- Institutional Expansion: The Tianjin Declaration established four new security centres, including the SCO Anti-drug Center, and announced the creation of the SCO Development Bank.
- Developmental Agenda: Leaders adopted the SCO Development Strategy for the next decade, focusing on cooperation in energy, green industry, and the digital economy.
- Global Governance Role: China proposed the Global Governance Initiative, emphasizing multilateralism, sovereign equality, and rule-based international order.
India–China Bilateral Understanding
- Strategic Trust Building: Leaders stressed the need to consolidate strategic mutual trust through peaceful coexistence, dialogue mechanisms, and mutual respect.
- Expanding Exchanges: China proposed deeper cooperation in trade, technology, education, culture, and poverty alleviation to foster people-to-people bonds.
- Border Issue Management: Both sides reiterated that border disputes should not define bilateral ties and emphasized maintaining peace along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
Future Roadmap
- Global South Leadership: India and China, as major developing nations, share common interests in development, world stability, and reforming global governance.
- BRICS Presidency Synergy: With both countries set to hold BRICS presidency successively, they pledged to support each other in strengthening South–South cooperation.
- Shared Global Vision: Both nations agreed to oppose unilateralism and hegemonism, and work together towards building a community with a shared future for humanity.
Practice Question
“India–China relations oscillate between cooperation and confrontation. In the light of recent developments at the Tianjin SCO Summit, critically analyze the prospects and challenges of bilateral ties between India and China within the framework of multilateral organisations. (250 words)
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