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RhoDIS India Initiative
Context:
Assam has initiated the genetic analysis of 2,573 rhino horn samples under the RhoDIS India programme at the Wildlife Institute of India, aiming to create a forensic DNA database to strengthen rhino conservation and anti-poaching efforts
RhoDIS India (Rhino DNA Index System):
- RhoDIS is a forensic tool designed to create a DNA database of individual rhinos through horn samples.
- It allows tracking of the origin of confiscated horns and aids in anti-poaching law enforcement.
- India’s RhoDIS program is modeled on a similar system developed in South Africa.
Rhino Horn Sample Destruction in Assam (2021):
- On September 22, 2021 (World Rhino Day), Assam destroyed 2,479 out of 2,623 stored horns.
- Horns retained included those involved in legal cases (50 horns) or scientifically/heritage-significant samples.
- Small samples from most horns were preserved for future DNA analysis and forensic referencing.
Objective of Current DNA Study:
- Conducted by Wildlife Institute of India (WII) genetics laboratory
- To develop individual DNA profiles and detect any shifts in Short Tandem Repeat (STR) allele frequencies over time.
- Helps assess rhino population structure, genetic health, and trace poaching sources.
Conservation and Legal Implications:
- This initiative will strengthen wildlife crime detection and prosecution.
- The database can serve as a deterrent against illegal rhino horn trade.
- It aligns with India’s obligations under CITES and national efforts under Project Rhino and Kaziranga’s Rhino Conservation Plan.
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