12th July 2025 (13 Topics)
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STP Expansion for Yamuna
Context:
On July 12, 2025, Union Home Minister Amit Shah directed the Delhi Government to enhance sewage treatment capacity to 1,500 MGD by 2028, aiming to combat severe Yamuna River pollution through coordinated inter-state efforts and infrastructure upgrades.
Yamuna River Pollution and Sewage Treatment: Urban Water Governance and Inter-State Coordination
Present Status of STP Infrastructure in Delhi
- As per current data, Delhi has sewage treatment capacity of 764.2 MGD.
- However, it falls 04% short of the actual sewage generated.
- The Delhi Government had earlier targeted 5 MGD by June 2027.
- Amit Shah has now asked for expansion to 1,500 MGD by 2028, nearly doubling the current capacity.
Pollution Hotspots and Technological Interventions
- Major drains contributing to Yamuna pollution:
- Najafgarh Drain
- Shahdara Drain
- Proposed interventions:
- Drone-based surveys to identify sources and extent of pollution.
- Regular third-party testing of STP effluents.
- Better tracking of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Key Sources of Pollution
- Untreated Domestic Sewage: Major contributor from unauthorized colonies in Delhi and surrounding areas.
- Ineffective STPs: Delhi has 38 STPs, many underperform or operate below capacity.
- Industrial Waste: CETPs (30 units) often fail to treat effluents from textile, dye, and electroplating industries.
- Agricultural Runoff: Pesticides and fertilizers cause nutrient pollution and eutrophication.
- Solid Waste Dumping: Plastics and debris reduce flow and degrade water quality.
- Reduced Freshwater Flow: Excess diversion at Hathnikund and Wazirabad Barrages limits dilution capacity.
Role of Multi-Stakeholder Governance
- Union Ministries:Housing & Urban Affairs, Jal Shakti, Home Affairs
- State Actors:Delhi Government, Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Delhi Jal Board (DJB)
- Central Agencies: CPCB, MoEFCC, National Mission for Clean Ganga
- Inter-state Cooperation: Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh required to act jointly on:
- Industrial discharge control.
- Flow management at river entry points.
- Sharing STP and CETP data.
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Yamuna River Geographical Profile
Major Tributaries
Pollution Hotspots
Government Initiatives
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