29th July 2024 (12 Topics)
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The "Dark Oxygen" Discovery
Context
Scientists have found a surprising source of oxygen in the deep ocean, where sunlight can’t reach and photosynthesis doesn’t work. This new oxygen source is linked to polymetallic nodules, which are lumps of metal found on the ocean floor. These nodules might be producing oxygen in a way never seen before, called "dark oxygen."
Key-highlights of the Discovery:
- The discovery was made in a part of the ocean called the Clarion-Clipperton Zone.
- This area is off the west coast of Mexico and is known for having a high concentration of polymetallic nodules.
- The Clarion-Clipperton Zone is larger than India and holds a lot of valuable metals like manganese, copper, and nickel.
- Scientists noticed that oxygen levels in the water increased, which was unusual because it should have decreased as small animals consumed it.
What Might Be Causing the Oxygen Production?
- Polymetallic Nodules: These nodules have a small electrical charge on their surface. This charge might be splitting water molecules (which are made of hydrogen and oxygen) and releasing oxygen.
- Voltage: The nodules create a voltage of up to 0.95 volts, but splitting water molecules needs at least 1.5 volts. Scientists think that if many nodules are close together, they might generate enough voltage to split water molecules and release oxygen.
Significance of the discovery
- New Ecosystems: The discovery of "dark oxygen" suggests there may be unique ecosystems in the deep ocean that depend on this oxygen source.
- Deep-Sea Mining: Many countries, including India, are interested in mining these nodules for their valuable metals. However, this mining could damage the ecosystems that depend on "dark oxygen."
- Environmental Concerns: Mining can harm deep-sea life, and the long-term impacts are still unknown. Studies have shown that past mining activities have had lasting effects on marine environments.
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