29th July 2024 (12 Topics)

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Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis)

Context

India has successfully avoided the inclusion of Aquilaria malaccensis (agarwood) in the Review of Significant Trade (RST) by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Key Highlights

Export Quota: To manage and regulate the trade of agarwood while ensuring its sustainable use and preventing over-exploitation, CITES notified a new export quota for agarwood from India has been set, starting from April 2024. The quota is:
- 1,51,080 kg/year for agarwood chips and powder/sawdust.
- 7,050 kg/year for agarwood oil.
Benefit to Farmers: The development is expected to benefit farmers in Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, and Tripura, where agarwood is widely cultivated by providing a legal way to trade their agarwood products and potentially increase their income.

About Agarwood

Agarwood is a valuable aromatic resin produced by the Aquilaria malaccensis tree when infected by certain fungi. Natural infections typically occur in older trees, but can be induced artificially in younger plants.
Aquilaria malaccensis is extensively cultivated in Northeast India, with around 13.99 crores (139.89 million) plants.
Uses: Agarwood is valued for its use in incense, perfumes, medicine, air fresheners, and has properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, analgesic, and antioxidant.
Aquilaria malaccensis was first listed in Appendix II (regulated but not banned from trade) of CITES in 1995, following a proposal by India.

Fact Box: About CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

Came into force in: 1975
Location: Geneva, Switzerland
CITES is an international agreement aimed at ensuring that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
It regulates trade by listing species in three appendices based on their conservation status and the level of protection they need.

Three Appendices of CITES

Appendix I: It includes species that are the most endangered and at risk of extinction.
- Trade Restrictions: Trade is only permitted under very strict conditions and often requires a special permit.
Appendix II: It includes species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction but may become so if trade is not regulated.
- Trade Restrictions: Trade is allowed but regulated. For Appendix II species, export permits are required to ensure that trade does not harm the species' survival. This includes demonstrating that trade is sustainable and that it will not lead to over-exploitation.
Appendix III: It includes species that are protected in at least one country, which has requested assistance from other CITES Parties in controlling trade.
- Trade Restrictions: Trade is regulated to help ensure that it does not negatively impact the species' survival in the wild.

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GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

29th July 2024 (12 Topics)

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Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis)

Key Highlights

About Agarwood

Fact Box: About CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

Still Have Questions?

GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis)

Key Highlights

About Agarwood

Fact Box: About CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

Still Have Questions?

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