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India–US Relations
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Context:
Recent US policy pronouncements under President Trump have created friction in India–US ties, but analysts argue that long-term strategic cooperation must not be undermined.
Bilateral Trade and Strategic Concerns
- Trade Partnership: The US is India’s largest trading partner, with bilateral trade reaching USD 141.8 billion in 2022–2023, though imbalances and tariff disputes remain.
- Diaspora and Remittances: Remittances from the Indian diaspora in the US, accounting for nearly 30% of total inflows, are vital for India’s economy and any restrictions may sharply affect them.
- Security Cooperation: India and the US have signed key agreements like LEMOA, COMCASA, and BECA, strengthening defense and intelligence cooperation.
Challenges and Areas of Friction
- Agriculture and Dairy Access: US demands for Indian market access in agriculture and dairy threaten the livelihood of vulnerable Indian farmers.
- Energy Dependence: India faces challenges in reducing reliance on Russian oil while ensuring affordable energy alternatives amid US pressure.
- Technology and Defense Gaps: Despite progress, India seeks clearer frameworks for technology transfer and equitable defense cooperation with the US.
Strategic Outlook and Future Prospects
- Indo-Pacific Cooperation: Both nations share concerns about China’s assertiveness and aim to deepen collaboration in the Indo-Pacific strategic framework.
- Multilateral Diplomacy: India advocates moderation in global groupings, including the Quad, to balance strategic ties without alienating other partners.
- Future Engagements: Recent initiatives like US–India iCET and defense cooperation under the 10-year roadmap show potential for resilience despite temporary policy frictions.
Practice Question
“India–US relations have oscillated between friction and partnership, yet strategic convergence in trade, security, and technology makes the relationship indispensable. Critically examine this statement with reference to recent challenges and opportunities.” (250 words)
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