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ISRO’s HLVM3 Rocket
Context
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) has begun assembling the Human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (HLVM3) rocket, which is designed to carry Indian astronauts to space as part of India’s Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme.
About Human-rated Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (HLVM3) Rocket
- The assembly of HLVM3 is taking place at Sriharikota, India’s spaceport. This rocket will first fly a humanoid robot, Vyommitra, instead of astronauts on three test missions.
- These uncrewed missions will collect data vital for the success of future crewed missions.
- Rocket Specifications:
- The HLVM3 is a three-stage rocket capable of carrying 10 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
- It stands 53 meters tall and weighs 640 tonnes.
- The rocket uses S200 solid motors in the first stage, L110 liquid stage, and C32 cryogenic stage for the second and final stages.
- Crew Escape System: The Crew Escape System (CES), which is critical for astronaut safety during an emergency, has been integrated into the rocket. It is designed to eject the Crew Module (the capsule for astronauts) safely if an anomaly is detected during flight.
- Project Milestones:
- The LVM3-X/CARE mission in 2014 validated crucial technologies like the aerothermal performance of the Crew Module, its thermal protection systems, parachute deceleration mechanisms, and recovery logistics.
- These successful tests laid the foundation for human spaceflight and the development of a human-rated rocket.
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