9th July 2025 (13 Topics)
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Karnataka Inter-State and Irrigation Water Projects
Context:
Karnataka has sought the Centre’s approval for key water projects—Yettinahole, Kalasa-Banduri, and Upper Bhadra—and urged notification of the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal-II award amid legal, environmental, and funding hurdles.
Yettinahole Project:
- Located in the Western Ghats region of Hassan district, it is a drinking water project aimed at diverting water from west-flowing streams to the drought-prone eastern districts of Karnataka.
- Issue: Facing objections from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) regarding diversion of 423 acres of forestland. The state has proposed compensatory afforestation through revenue land acquisition.
Kalasa-BanduriNala Project:
- Objective: To divert water from the Mahadayi River (also called Mandovi in Goa) to meet drinking water needs in Belagavi, Dharwad, and Gadag
- Inter-State Dispute:Goa has raised objections, citing ecological and water-sharing concerns. The case has been politically and legally contentious for years.
Upper Bhadra Project:
- Type:Major lift irrigation project to irrigate drought-prone regions.
- Districts Covered:Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, Tumakuru, and Davanagere.
- Project Cost: ?21,473 crore;
- Expected Benefit: Irrigation of 25 lakh hectares.
- Issue: Although ?5,300 crore was allocated, the Centre has not released funds yet.
Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal-II Award:
- Karnataka is seeking notification (gazette publication) of the award which decides water sharing among Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.
- Non-notification hinders the implementation of state-level irrigation policies.
Constitutional and Statutory Framework:
- Inter-state river water disputes are governed by Article 262 and the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956.
- Environmental approvals are under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and Environment Protection Act, 1986.
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