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9th July 2025 (13 Topics)

PM Modi’s Diplomatic Tour

Context:

Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertook a 9-day, 5-nation diplomatic tour from 1st to 9th July 2025, covering Ghana, Trinidad & Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, and Namibia.

The Global South

  • The term Global South refers to countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia, and Oceania with shared post-colonial experiences and aspirations for development and equity in global governance.
  • These nations are increasingly assertive in shaping international priorities around climate justice, digital equity, and economic independence.
  • India positions itself as a natural leader and voice of the Global South, promoting South-South cooperation, capacity building, and reformed multilateralism.

Strategic Objectives of the visit:

  • Reinforce Development Partnerships through sustainable infrastructure, technology transfer, and capacity building.
  • Strengthen India’s Leadership role in multilateral platforms such as BRICS, G20, and the UN.
  • Enhance Mineral and Energy Security by securing strategic minerals and expanding clean energy cooperation.
  • Promote Digital Diplomacy via Indian public digital infrastructure models (e.g., UPI, CoWIN, DigiLocker).
  • Deepen Diaspora Engagement to boost people-to-people ties and India’s soft power.

Country-Wise Visit:

  1. Ghana
  • First visit by an Indian Prime Minister in over 30 years.
  • Focus Areas:
    • Strategic minerals: Bauxite and manganese for clean energy.
    • Health and energy partnerships.
    • Diaspora engagement with 15,000+ Indian-origin residents.
  • Emphasized democratic solidarity and long-term development cooperation.
  1. Trinidad & Tobago
  • Commemorated 180 years of Indian heritage.
  • First bilateral visit since 1999.
  • Key Initiatives:
    • Collaboration on digital health platforms, telemedicine, and e-governance.
    • Focus on climate resilience and disaster preparedness.
    • Celebration of diaspora culture strengthens India's soft power diplomacy.
  1. Argentina
  • First bilateral visit by an Indian PM in 57 years.
  • Strategic Focus:
    • Lithium mining in the Lithium Triangle (Argentina–Bolivia–Chile).
    • Agriculture, space cooperation, and AI governance.
    • Critical for India’s EV battery supply chain and energy transition.
    • Strengthening trade and technological cooperation despite ideological differences.
  1. Brazil
  • Attended the 17th BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
  • Key Themes:
    • Multilateral reform, AI ethics, climate finance, and inclusive global governance.
    • Bilateral discussions in Brasilia focused on:
      • Defence cooperation
      • Biofuels and sustainable agriculture
      • Space technology
  • Reaffirmed the India-Brazil Strategic Partnership.
  1. Namibia
  • Third visit by an Indian Prime Minister; first by PM Modi.
  • Key Focus Areas:
    • Renewable energy: Solar and green hydrogen.
    • Wildlife diplomacy: Extension of cheetah translocation program.
    • Digital governance and vocational training support.
  • Symbolized anti-colonial solidarity and future-focused development.

Key Strategic Themes Emerging from the visit:

  • Minerals and Energy Diplomacy
    • Securing critical minerals like lithium, bauxite, manganese vital for India’s energy and EV ambitions.
    • Emphasis on sustainable mining, value addition at source, and technology sharing.
  • Digital Public Infrastructure Cooperation
    • Export of India’s successful digital platforms like UPI, DigiLocker, and CoWIN.
    • Focus on bridging the digital divide in the Global South.
    • India redefined as a knowledge-sharing development partner, not merely a donor.
  • Climate Resilience and Environmental Diplomacy
    • Bilateral cooperation on green hydrogen (Namibia), biofuels (Brazil), and climate-smart agriculture (Argentina).
    • Promotes community-led, context-sensitive climate solutions aligned with India’s sustainability goals.
  • South-South Cooperation and Multilateral Reform
    • India’s leadership in BRICS+ and G20 strengthens Global South’s presence in global institutions.
    • Advocates for UN, WTO, IMF reform and equitable global governance frameworks.
    • Acts as a bridge-builder between developing and developed worlds.

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