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Kerala’s Vulnerability to Landslide
Context
The deadly landslide in Wayanad, Kerala, highlights the region's vulnerability, as identified by the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) Landslide Atlas of India in 2023.
About the Landslide Atlas of India
- The Landslide Atlas, prepared by ISRO's National Remote Sensing Centre, evaluates landslide exposure in 147 districts across 17 states and 2 Union Territories based on socio-economic parameters.
- Key Findings:
- Kerala's Rankings: Wayanad ranked 13th, while Thrissur, Palakkad, Malappuram, and Kozhikode ranked 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th respectively.
- Top Ranking: Rudraprayag in Uttaranchal ranked first, focusing on landslide-prone areas in the Western Ghats and Himalayan regions.
Vulnerability of Kerala
- Kerala is prone to heavy rains and flooding, with an estimated 14.5 per cent of land area seen as vulnerable.
- The Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) has identified 1,848 square kilometres, 4.75 per cent of the state’s total area, as High Landslide Hazard Zone.
- About 8 per cent of the area in the Western Ghats in the southern state is labelled as a critical zone for mass movements, including debris flow, landslides, rock falls and slumps.
- Western Ghats: High population and household density increase vulnerability despite fewer landslides compared to the Himalayan regions.
- Soil Cover: Landslides in the Western Ghats are primarily influenced by soil cover on steep slopes.
- Globally, landslides rank third in terms of deaths among natural disasters.
- India is among the four major countries where the risk of landslides is the highest.
Fact Box: Madhav Gadgil Committee Report
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