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India's core sector growth

Context

Growth in India's eight core sectors has declined to a 20-month low of 4% in June 2024, from 6.4% in May. Most sectors, except for coal, experienced a sharp decline in output growth, with steel production at a seven-month low and refinery products contracting for the first time in five months.

Key Highlights (Sector-wise Performance)

  • Coal: Output grew by 14.8%, the fastest pace in eight months, with production levels at a three-month high.
  • Electricity: Generation slipped to a four-month low of 7.7%, with output 3.6% below May’s peak levels amid a heat wave.
  • Cement: Production rose by 1.9% after two months of contraction.
  • Steel: Grew by just 2.7%, the slowest in 27 months, potentially due to reduced public capital expenditure ahead of general elections.
  • Natural Gas: Production grew by 3.3%, the slowest pace in 13 months.
  • Fertilizers: Output recovered after five months of contractions, recording a 2.4% increase.
  • Refinery Products: Production dropped by 1.5%.
  • Crude Oil: Contraction deepened to 2.6% in June from 1.1% in May.

Fact Box: What are Core Sector Industries?

  • Core sectors are key industries that have a major impact on the Indian economy.
  • The eight core sectors are electricity, steel, refinery products, crude oil, coal, cement, natural gas, and fertilizers.
  • These sectors significantly affect other industries and collectively make up 40.27% of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).
  • Core Sector Industries
    • Electricity: Includes thermal, nuclear, hydro, and imports from Bhutan.
    • Steel: Production of alloy and non-alloy steel.
    • Refinery Products: Total refinery production.
    • Crude Oil: Total crude oil production.
    • Coal: Production excluding coking coal.
    • Cement: Production in large and mini plants.
    • Natural Gas: Total natural gas production.
    • Fertilizers: Includes urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate, complex grade fertilizer, and single superphosphate.
  • Measurement and Reporting: The performance of these core sectors is measured through the Index of Eight Core Industries (ICI).
    • The ICI is prepared and released monthly by the Office of the Economic Adviser (OEA), Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), and Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
    • The ICI provides an indication of the production performance of these core industries, both individually and collectively.
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