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Terracotta pipeline (6th century BCE) in Keeladi

Context

Archaeologists have unearthed a terracotta pipeline in the 10th phase of the excavation in Keeladi, a Sangam Era site, providing further evidence of the effective water management practices followed by the settlement's inhabitants at least 2,600 years ago.

About

Keeladi, first discovered in 2014, is located 12 km southeast of Madurai and has become a top tourist spot in the ancient city once ruled by the Pandya Kingdom.
Over 20,000 artefacts and antiquities have been recovered from Keeladi in the past nine years, revealing the inhabitants' advanced water management skills.
The discoveries at Keeladi have pushed the start of the Sangam Era back to 600 BCE from the previously believed 300 BCE.
Additionally, rice husks found in a burial urn in Sivakalai date back 3,200 years, and evidence shows that Tamils were aware of iron technology as far back as 2172 BCE, 4,200 years ago.

Fact Box:

Sangam Age

The Sangam Period in South India (south of the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers) spanned roughly from the 3rd century B.C. to the 3rd century A.D.
Named after the Sangam academies that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai.
According to Tamil legends, there were three Sangams:
1. First Sangam at Madurai (no literary work available).
2. Second Sangam at Kapadapuram (only Tolkappiyam survives).
3. Third Sangam at Madurai (a few works have survived).
The age declined towards the end of the 3rd century A.D. Kalabhras occupied the Tamil country post-Sangam period (300 AD to 600 AD), marking an interregnum or 'dark age' as per earlier historians.

Political History

Cheras:
- Controlled central and northern Kerala and the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu.
- Capital: Vanji; Ports: Musiri and Tondi.
- Emblem: Bow and arrow.
- Famous ruler: Senguttuvan, known for military achievements and introducing the Pattini cult.
Cholas:
- Controlled central and northern Tamil Nadu.
- Core area: Kaveri delta (Cholamandalam).
- Capital: Uraiyur; Port: Puhar (Kaviripattinam).
- Emblem: Tiger.
- Famous ruler: Karikala, known for military conquests, founding Puhar, and constructing the Kaveri embankment.
Pandyas:
- Ruled from Madurai.
- Port: Korkai.
- Emblem: Fish.
- Patronized Tamil Sangams and facilitated the compilation of Sangam poems.

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GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

1st August 2024 (13 Topics)

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Terracotta pipeline (6th century BCE) in Keeladi

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GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

Terracotta pipeline (6th century BCE) in Keeladi

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Fact Box:

Still Have Questions?

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