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NISAR Mission
Context
The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite is scheduled for launch on 30th July 2025 from Sriharikota aboard GSLV-F16, marking India’s first Earth observation mission with the United States.
NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar):
- It is the first joint Earth observation satellite mission between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Launch Details:
- Launch Date: 30 July 2025
- Launch Vehicle: GSLV-F16 (first time a GSLV is being used for sun-synchronous orbit)
- Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota
- Orbit: Sun-synchronous polar orbit
- Satellite Mass: 2,392 kg
Key Technological Features:
- Dual-frequency radar system (L-Band by NASA, S-Band by ISRO)
- Uses SweepSAR technology for high-resolution, day-and-night, all-weather imaging
- Imaging swath: 242 km
- Revisit cycle: 12 days
Applications and Global Relevance:
- Monitoring of ecosystem disturbances, glacier dynamics, soil moisture, crop patterns, and urban expansion
- Tracking of earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity, landslides, sea-level rise, and storm surges
- Will provide critical real-time data for climate resilience, agricultural planning, and disaster mitigation
- All data to be made freely accessible within 1–2 days, and near real-time during disasters
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