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Parametric Insurance and Climate Change

Context

In the wake of intensified climate-related disasters, Indian states like Nagaland have adopted parametric insurance to finance rapid disaster relief using predefined climate thresholds.

Definition and Core Mechanism:

  • Parametric insurance is a non-traditional insurance model that provides payouts automatically when a predefined threshold of a measurable event is breached (e.g., rainfall, temperature, wind speed, seismic activity).
  • Unlike indemnity-based models, parametric insurance does not require post-disaster damage assessment, significantly reducing claim-processing time.

Trigger and Verification Mechanism:

  • Thresholds are based on independently verified datasets from agencies such as the India Meteorological Department (IMD), NASA MERRA, and other accredited global or national data sources.
  • Payouts are processed automatically upon data confirmation of a threshold breach.

Application Sectors:

  • Agriculture: Protects small-holder farmers from losses due to droughts, rainfall deficits, or extreme temperatures.
  • Renewable Energy: Solar firms link payouts to solar irradiance data for compensation against low productivity.
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