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Punjab and Haryana’s Role in National Food Security
Context
Recent agricultural setbacks in India have underscored the vital role of Punjab and Haryana in ensuring the country's food security. These two states, often referred to as the breadbaskets of India, have faced challenges exacerbated by climate phenomena like El Niño.
Wheat Procurement:
- Punjab and Haryana's combined share of wheat procurement for the Central foodgrain pool stands at 75.5% in the current marketing season.
- Together, they fed the public distribution system (PDS) and other government programs.
- Traditionally, these states provided over 90% of wheat for the PDS, but this ratio declined to about 65% by the early 2010s.
- However, in recent years, setbacks from climate shocks have seen Punjab and Haryana's importance rise again.
- Contrast with Other States: States like Madhya Pradesh (MP), Uttar Pradesh (UP), and Rajasthan have seen decreased procurement due to climate impacts. Punjab and Haryana have fared relatively better due to longer winters and favorable sowing times.
- Reasons for higher production:
- The higher yield is possibly because of the Green Revolution, a period when Indian agriculture was converted into an industrial system.
- Modern methods and technology — including high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilisers — were adopted.
|
Wheat Procurement for Central Pool (lakh tonnes) |
|||||
|
|
2019-20 |
2020-21 |
2021-22 |
2022-23 |
2023-24 |
|
Punjab |
127.14 |
132.22 |
96.45 |
121.17 |
122.31 |
|
Haryana |
74.00 |
84.93 |
41.86 |
63.17 |
70.32 |
|
MP |
129.42 |
128.16 |
46.04 |
70.97 |
45.66 |
|
UP |
35.77 |
56.41 |
3.36 |
2.20 |
8.47 |
|
Rajasthan |
22.25 |
23.40 |
0.10 |
4.38 |
8.35 |
|
TOTAL* |
389.93 |
433.44 |
187.92 |
262.02 |
255.24 |
Climate Impact on Wheat Production:
- Climate shocks, like unseasonal temperature surges and heavy rains during critical crop stages, delayed rains have affected wheat yields.
- Recent instances include an unusually warm November-December, impacting wheat yields, especially in central India.
Rice Production:
- Traditionally, Punjab and Haryana dominated rice procurement, but this has diversified to include other states.
- However, recent crop years have seen an increase in the share of procurement from Punjab and Haryana due to favorable conditions.
|
Food Security Programs in India
|
Policy Implications:
- Government schemes like the National Food Security Act (NFSA) heavily rely on procurement from Punjab and Haryana.
- Even with shifts in acreage to other crops, these states will remain crucial for national food security due to their high yields.
Fact Box: Current Situation of Rice Procurement:
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PYQ
|
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