The evolution and essentials of India’s climate policy

The 1990s marked a period of significant transformation, both in India and globally, leading to the formulation of new policies across various sectors, including the environment. The Rio Summit of 1992 witnessed the birth of crucial international agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Since then, India's approach to climate policy has evolved, driven by its unique geographical, demographic, and socio-economic factors.

Understanding Over-exploitation and Climate Policy:

• Climate change has become a pressing global challenge, exacerbated by unsustainable production and consumption patterns, primarily in developed nations.
• Recent studies highlight that countries like the United States and Europe bear significant responsibility for ecological damage due to overuse of natural resources.
• In contrast, countries like India have managed to stay within their sustainability limits despite their large populations.
• Five Major Determinants of India’s Climate Policy:
  • Geography: India's vast landmass and rich biodiversity play a crucial role in shaping its climate policy. The country's diverse ecosystems and seasonal cycles have been disrupted by climate change, leading to adverse impacts on nature and society.
  • Population: With a population of over 1.4 billion, India is home to a diverse array of species. Despite its large population density, India strives to strike a balance between population growth and environmental sustainability.
  • Impacts: India ranks among the most affected countries by extreme weather events, with climate change projected to have significant economic and social repercussions. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns could adversely affect India's GDP and living standards.
  • Worldview: Rooted in ancient philosophies and cultural traditions, India's worldview emphasizes harmony with nature and sustainable living. Gandhi's principles of trusteeship and environmental stewardship continue to influence India's approach to climate action.
  • Actions: India's climate policy is characterized by evidence-based decision-making and proactive measures across various sectors. The country has prioritized renewable energy transition, international cooperation, and sustainable development initiatives.

Evolution of India’s Climate Policy:

• India's climate policy has evolved over the years, guided by principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities.
• The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) of 2008 laid the groundwork for addressing climate challenges through sector-specific missions.
• Additionally, India has actively engaged in international forums, advocating for the interests of developing nations and promoting climate-friendly policies.
• India’s Leadership in Climate Action: India has emerged as a global leader in climate action, emphasizing confidence and convenient actions aligned with inclusive growth principles.
• Initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) showcase India's commitment to sustainable development and international cooperation.
• The country's ambitious targets for renewable energy deployment and emission intensity reduction demonstrate its proactive stance towards mitigating climate change.