26th June 2025 (28 Topics)
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Cloudburst triggers Flash Floods
Context
In a recent incident, a sudden flash floods triggered by cloudbursts occurred in the Kangra and Kullu districts of Himachal Pradesh.
What is a Flash Flood?
- A flash flood is a sudden and intense flood that occurs within minutes or hours of heavy rainfall or a sudden release of water.
- It is typically localized and happens with little or no warning.
- Flash floods are extremely dangerous due to their speed and unpredictability.
- They are common in hilly or mountainous terrains, such as the Himalayas, where narrow valleys, steep slopes, and unplanned construction increase vulnerability.
Factors Responsible for Flash Floods in Himachal Pradesh
CloudburstA cloudburst is an extreme and sudden rainfall event, where more than 100 mm of rain falls in less than an hour over a small area.
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- Topography: The steep and fragile mountain slopes of Himachal Pradesh accelerate the downhill movement of water. River valleys like the Beas and Manuni Khad act as channels for fast-moving water.
- Cloudburst Events: Sudden, high-intensity rainfall over small areas causes water accumulation in narrow mountain streams.
- Glacial and Monsoonal Interactions: June to September is the peak monsoon season; melting snow combined with monsoon rains increases water volume in rivers.
- Land Use Changes: Construction near riverbeds, hill-cutting for roads, hydropower projects, and tourism infrastructure disrupt natural drainage.
- Dam Regulation and Warnings: Release of water from dams (like Panhoh Dam) adds to river discharge, especially if not communicated in advance.
- Climate Change: Increasingly erratic weather patterns and rising sea surface temperatures have made cloudbursts more frequent and intense.
- IPCC reports have indicated more extreme rainfall events in the Himalayas due to global warming.
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