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26th June 2025 (28 Topics)

Core Sector Growth

Context

The growth of India’s eight core industries, which form the backbone of the industrial sector, slowed to just 0.7% in May 2025, the lowest in the past nine months. This comes after already weak performance in April (1%). The biggest concern is that half of the core sectors saw contraction, including electricity, natural gas, fertilisers, and crude oil.

What are the Core Sectors?

  • The Eight Core Industries (ECI) account for 40.27% of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP). These include:
    • Coal
    • Crude Oil
    • Natural Gas
    • Refinery Products
    • Fertilisers
    • Steel
    • Cement
    • Electricity
  • Together, they are early indicators of how India’s industrial and infrastructure sectors are performing.

Key findings on core sector growth for May 2025:

  • Core sector growth fell to 0.7%, the lowest in 9 months, indicating industrial slowdown.
  • Electricity output contracted 5.8%, worst since June 2020.
  • Natural gas (-3.6%) and crude oil (-1.8%) continued their decline.
  • Fertiliser production dropped sharply by 5.9%.
  • Cement (+9.2%) and steel (+6.7%) showed strong recovery due to infra push.
  • Refinery products rebounded with 1.1% growth after contraction in April.
  • Coal growth slowed to 2.8%.
  • Early monsoon rains disrupted electricity and mining.
  • Industrial growth (IIP) may fall to 1.5–2% in May.

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