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Small Modular Reactors
Context:
The Government of India has launched a Nuclear Energy Mission (Budget 2025) with an outlay of ?20,000 crore for the research and development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), with BARC leading multiple reactor designs.
Small Modular Reactors
- SMRs are nuclear reactors with a capacity up to 300 MWe, producing ~7.2 million kWh/day.
- Conventional large reactors exceed 1000 MWe, producing ~24 million kWh/day.
Types of SMRs under Development by BARC
- Bharat Small Modular Reactor (BSMR-200):
- Capacity:200 MWe.
- Objective: Repurposing retiring thermal power plants and captive power plants.
- Beneficiaries:Energy-intensive industries (aluminium, steel, metal).
- SMR-55:
- Capacity:55 MWe.
- Objective: Provide energy to remote and off-grid locations.
- Aim:Decarbonisation of energy sector.
- High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR):
- Capacity:5 MWth.
- Objective:Hydrogen generation for decarbonisation of transport sector and process industries.
Significance of SMRs
- Flexibility: Suitable for off-grid, small-scale, or captive industrial usage.
- Decarbonisation: Targets energy, transport, and process industries.
- Hydrogen Economy: High-temperature reactors contribute to green hydrogen production.
- Repurposing Potential:Utilisation of retiring coal plants, aiding energy transition.
- Energy Security: Diversifies India’s nuclear portfolio, reducing reliance on large reactors.
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