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District-level GDP Estimation

Context

The District Domestic Product (DDP) estimation has gained attention as the government pushes for district-centric economic planning. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has emphasized the role of districts in driving economic growth, but lack of accurate district-level GDP estimates has hindered effective policy-making.

Current GDP Estimation in India

  • India’s GDP is estimated based on three sectors:
    • Primary Sector (Agriculture, Forestry, Mining) – Bottom-up approach, aggregating district-level data.
    • Secondary Sector (Manufacturing, Construction, Utilities) – Top-down approach, distributing national estimates based on employment or infrastructure indicators.
    • Tertiary Sector (Services like Trade, Banking, Transport) – Also top-down, relying on proxy indicators.
  • Issues with Current Methodology
    • Top-down estimation does not reflect actual district-level economic activity.
    • Lack of real-time economic data, especially in the unorganized sector.
    • State-level GDP (GSDP) estimations may misrepresent local realities, as seen in UP’s case during COVID-19.
    • One-size-fits-all policies ignore regional economic strengths and weaknesses.

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