In a scenario where India seeks to achieve dual objectives of net zero by 2070 and advanced economy status, RBI report provides a framework to discuss trade-offs during the transition.
Highlights of the Report:
India’s Net-zero targets: India is committed to achieving net zero status by 2070 at CoP26. The road to net zero will not be smooth, as is reflected in the report.
Trade-offs and growth: The RBI provides a framework of thinking about the trade-offs between growth, inflation and efforts to transition to a net zero economy.
Link between economy and emissions: An annual GDP growth rate of 6 per cent would raise net GHG emissions by 10.5 times of levels in 2021-22.
Suggestions:
Increase green energy demands: India should increase the share of green energy in primary energy consumption to 82 per cent by 2070 and reduce emission intensity by 5.4 per cent annually.
High ambitious growth projections: We should plan to achieve net zero by 2050 would limit the losses from extreme weather events and decarbonisation to 3 per cent by 2049.
Addressing inflationary impact: The productive life of existing fossil fuel-based assets will be shortened thus exposing the banking sector (through loans) to these assets.
Conclusions drawn:
Role of fiscal policy: It makes a case for fiscal intervention in the form of a carbon tax or an emission trading system.
Less energy intensive sectoral growth: The role of shifts in production to less energy intensive sectors — fisheries, textiles, land transport and services are required.
Imposing regulatory measures: Agencies associated must focus on regulatory implementation and following guidelines.