Context

As the nation seeks to balance energy security with environmental concerns, the exploration of thorium as a fuel source gains significance. The Indigenous Prototype Fast Breeder Nuclear Reactor exemplifies India's efforts to harness thorium for a cleaner, more sustainable future.

1: Dimension- Thorium's Role in Energy Security

• Thorium is hailed as a practically inexhaustible energy source that emits no greenhouse gases, making it a sustainable alternative.
• India's extensive thorium deposits present an opportunity to reduce dependence on the uncertain uranium supply chain.
• The three-stage nuclear power programme aims to utilize thorium as a primary fuel, ensuring long-term energy security.

2: Dimension- Global Competition and Cooperation

• China's advancements in molten salt thorium nuclear reactor technology highlight the global race in thorium-based systems.
• Despite past hesitations, renewed collaboration between India and the US signals potential advancements in nuclear energy technology.
• Negotiations with other countries like France, Canada, and Russia showcase India's efforts to diversify its nuclear partnerships.

3: Dimension- Challenges and Opportunities

• Commercial utilization of thorium hinges on the availability of Uranium-233 or Plutonium resources, posing a technological challenge.
• India's efforts in thorium research and development aim to overcome technical barriers and accelerate progress towards commercial viability.
• Thorium-based systems offer immense potential in decarbonizing India's energy sector and achieving sustainable development goals.

4: Dimension- International Engagement and Diplomacy

• India's participation in international forums like the IAEA positions it as a key player in thorium-based systems.
• Leveraging its research and non-proliferation credentials, India can advocate for accelerated development of thorium-based technologies on the global stage.