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4th July 2024 (10 Topics)

PM 2.5 Pollution

Context

The Lancet study reveals a serious link between air pollution and deaths in Indian cities like Delhi. Pollution particles like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide can cause respiratory issues like coughing and chest tightness.

Key-highlights of the Study

  • Between 2008 and 2019, 7.2% of all deaths (approximately 33,000 each year) in 10 cities in India every year can be attributed to air pollution levels that are below India's national clean air threshold.
    • Delhi recorded the highest number of air pollution-related deaths in the study period - a staggering 11.5% i.e. 12,000 deaths each year. 
  • India's clean air norms are presently well above the World Health Organisation guideline of 15 micrograms in every cubic meter of air.

Fact Box: What is PM 2.5?

  • PM 2.5 are tiny particles smaller than 2.5 microns, much smaller than a human hair. They're a mix of various chemicals and can be partly liquid, unlike solid dust particles. When these particles are mainly liquid, they're called aerosols.
    • Natural kinds of aerosols include dust, sea salt and volcanic ash
    • Man-made sources include factory and auto emissions, coal combustion and biomass burning for clearing land or farming.
  • PM 2.5 particles are especially harmful as they can bypass our body's defenses like nose hairs and mucus. They can penetrate deep into our lungs, reach the alveoli, and even enter the bloodstream, posing serious health risks.

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