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29th October 2024 (10 Topics)

Sleep Apnoea and Stroke

Context

Recent research from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) has brought new insights into the relationship between sleep apnoea and stroke. As stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability globally, this study highlights the importance of evaluating sleep disorders in stroke patients, especially as October 29 marks World Stroke Day.

Key Findings from the Study

  • Prevalence of Sleep Apnoea: The study examined 105 stroke patients aged over 50. It found that 88% had sleep apnoea, with 38% experiencing severe cases at the initial assessment.
  • Improvement Over Time: Follow-up evaluations showed that 26% of patients had sleep apnoea three months after the stroke, and only 12% had severe sleep apnoea. This indicates that a portion of sleep apnoea cases may improve on their own post-stroke.
  • Laterality Effects: The study identified a novel aspect of sleep efficiency related to the side of the brain affected by the stroke. Patients with damage to the right side experienced difficulties in initiating sleep and felt drowsy in the morning, suggesting a specific impact on sleep quality based on the stroke's location.
  • Need for Further Research: The researchers emphasized the need for long-term studies to determine if the observed improvements in sleep apnoea persist. Currently, many stroke patients are not evaluated for this disorder, despite its potential implications for recovery and future stroke risk.
  • Snoring as a Risk Factor: The study also highlighted snoring as a vital risk factor for stroke, although not all individuals who snore have sleep apnoea. Sleep apnoea, characterized by breathing pauses during sleep, can lead to reduced oxygen levels in the blood, increasing the risk of stroke.

About World Stroke Day

  • World Stroke Day is observed on October 29 each year, aimed at raising awareness about stroke prevention, treatment, and recovery.
  • The day encourages individuals to understand stroke symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of immediate medical attention.
  • Stroke:
    • Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease.
    • A stroke occurs when a blockage or bleed of the blood vessels either interrupts or reduces the supply of blood to the brain. When this happens, the brain does not receive enough oxygen or nutrients, and brain cells start to die.
    • This means that it affects the blood vessels that feed the brain oxygen. If the brain does not receive enough oxygen, damage may start to occur.
    • Type:
      • Ischemic stroke: Ischemic stroke occurs due to blocked or narrowed arteries. Treatment tends to focus on restoring an adequate flow of blood to the brain.
      • Hemorrhagic stroke: Blood leaking into the brain can cause a hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment focuses on controlling the bleeding and reducing the pressure on the brain.

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