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LAC and LOC
Context
The border dispute between India and China has seen recent developments, particularly regarding military disengagement along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
What is LAC?
- The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the de facto border between India and China, extending approximately 4,057 km. It separates the Indian-controlled territories in Jammu and Kashmir from the Chinese-occupied region of Aksai Chin.
- The LAC runs through several regions, including Ladakh, Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh.
- Historically, the LAC emerged from the 1962 India-China war, when both nations' troops were positioned at this line.
- Over time, it has become a recognized boundary through agreements made in 1993 and 1996, emphasizing that neither side should advance beyond it.
- However, due to the lack of a clear demarcation, encounters between Indian and Chinese troops frequently occur.
What is LOC?
- In contrast, the Line of Control (LOC) is a military control line between India and Pakistan, spanning about 740 km.
- It divides Jammu and Kashmir into parts controlled by India and Pakistan, and it was established after the first Indo-Pakistani war in 1947.
- Unlike the LAC, the LOC is well-defined, with Indian and Pakistani forces stationed face-to-face along the line, leading to frequent skirmishes.
Key Differences
- Buffer Zone: The LAC typically has a buffer zone where both sides patrol without direct contact, while the LOC is characterized by constant military presence and confrontation.
- Nature of Control: The LAC results from historical conflict and lacks clear demarcation, while the LOC is a clearly defined boundary established after wars and agreements.
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