Public Administration Optional (Local Government (Paper-2)) by Abhishiekh Saxena

Category: Optional,

Test Date: 23 Feb 2024 07:00 AM

Public Administration Optional (Local Government (Paper-2)) by Abhishiekh Saxena

Instruction:

There will be 2 questions carrying the First Question is-10 marks Write your answers in 150 words and the Second Question is-15 marks Write your answers in 250 words.
Any page left blank in the answer-book must be crossed out clearly.
Evaluated Copy will be re-uploaded on the same thread after 2 days of uploading the copy.
Discussion of the question and one to one answer improvement session of evaluated copies will be conducted through Google Meet with concerned faculty. You will be informed via mail or SMS for the discussion.

Question #1. Gandhian “Swaraj” and Kalam’s “PURA” still remain viable models of Rural governance. Comment. 10 marks (150 words)

Question #2. “Municipal Bonds” is an innovative idea to augment resources for the Urban Local Bodies. Comment. 15 marks (250 words)

(Examiner will pay special attention to the candidate's grasp of his/her material, its relevance to the subject chosen, and to his/ her ability to think constructively and to present his/her ideas concisely, logically and effectively).

STEPS & INSTRUCTIONS for uploading the answers

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Step 3 - Deadline for Uploading Answers: The students shall upload their answers by 7:00 PM in the evening same day. The first 50 copies will be evaluated.

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Model Answer

Question #1. Gandhian “Swaraj” and Kalam’s “PURA” still remain viable models of Rural governance. Comment. 10 marks (150 words)

Approach:

Explain both models and their viability in present context.

Mahatma Gandhi: The aspiration for self-reliant development at the village level began with the Gandhian model of Swaraj.

According to Gandhi, the concentration of either economic or political power would violate all the essential principles of participatory democracy and thereby of Swaraj.

– He visualised a comprehensive programme of constructive work, which included economic self-reliance, social equality and a decentralised political system at the village level.

– Village being the lowest unit of a decentralized system, politically a village has to be small enough to permit everyone to participate directly in the decision-making process.

APJ Abdul Kalam:Kalam, the missile man, had his own model for rural development, called Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA).

His vision was to develop rural India through a cluster development system where 50-100 villages with common competencies and/or mutual markets could be horizontally or vertically integrated as PURA complexes.
These villages would be linked through “four connectivities” — physical, electronic, knowledge and economic.
The goal was to provide income and quality of life to all within PURA complex.

While this model would promote some rural-rural migration would be acceptable, rural to urban migration would be minimised.

Question #2. “Municipal Bonds” is an innovative idea to augment resources for the Urban Local Bodies. Comment. 15 marks (250 words)

Approach:

Explain Municipal Bonds and a brief history.
Their Advantage to mop up resources.

Municipal bonds are debt securities issued by government or semi-government institutions who need funding for civic projects. Normally, they are issued and redeemed at par and carry a fixed interest rate.

There are two types of municipal bonds o General obligation bonds are issued for enhancing civic amenities such as water, sanitation, garbage disposal, etc. They generally are not backed by revenue from a specific project.

Revenue bonds are issued for a specific purpose such as construction of a toll road or a toll bridge.
Bangalore Municipal Corporation was the first urban local body (ULB) to issue Municipal Bond in India in 1997.

Need for Municipal Bonds

Improving urban infrastructure: A High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) on Urban Infrastructure estimated a requirement of Rs 3.92 million crores to provide urban services conforming to national benchmarks for urban infrastructure over a period 2012-31.
Alternative source of finance: It may help corporations in raising funds without looking to State grants or agencies such as World Bank. Also, rating agency CARE estimates that large municipalities in India could raise Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 1,500 crore every year considering municipal bond markets in US and China touch around $3.7 trillion and in China $187 billion.
Attracting institutional investors: They may ensure participation of large institutional investors such as pension funds and insurance companies by providing less risky avenues of investments to them.

Mains Answer Writing

Public Administration Optional (Local Government (Paper-2)) by Abhishiekh Saxena

Model Answer

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