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Delimitation and Southern States Concerns
Context
In a latest development, Union Home Minister Amit Shah responded to concerns raised by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M K Stalin about the proposed delimitation exercise, assuring that southern states, including Tamil Nadu, will not lose any Parliamentary seats as a result of it.
What is Delimitation?
- Delimitation is the process of adjusting the boundaries of electoral constituencies and redistributing the number of seats in Parliament based on population changes. This ensures that each constituency has a roughly equal number of people.
- Background: Delimitation took place after every Census until 1971.
- After the 42nd Amendment in 1976, the number of seats in Parliament was frozen until the 2001 Census, mainly to allow states with high population growth to manage family planning without losing seats.
- Need: Every Census in India results in changes in the population, so delimitation helps to reflect those changes. It ensures that all regions are fairly represented based on their population size.
- What Does Delimitation Involve?
- Reapportionment of Seats: Based on the latest population data, constituencies may be redrawn, and some states may gain or lose seats.
- Equal Representation: The goal is to ensure that each elected representative represents a similar number of people. This prevents over- or under-representation of any state or region.
Concerns of Southern States
- Southern states, like Tamil Nadu and Kerala, have slower population growth compared to northern states. If delimitation were done based on current population data, northern states could gain more seats in Parliament, while southern states might lose representation.
- This has led to concerns that southern states would have less political influence in the future.
- Potential Effects of Delimitation
- Northern States' Gain: States with higher population growth (like those in the north) might get more seats, potentially increasing their influence.
- Southern States' Concerns: States in the south, with slower population growth, might not gain as many seats, and could even lose some.
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