Published: 25th Apr, 2024
Context
In a significant development, scientists have identified a novel defence mechanism the human body uses to prevent some viruses from transmitting via non-conventional routes (bodily fluids like saliva and semen).
Key Insights:
- Transmission Enigma: Despite presence in bodily fluids, viruses like Zika, dengue, and chikungunya seldom spread orally or sexually, posing a longstanding scientific puzzle.
- Receptor Dynamics: Vital to transmission, viruses exploit host cell receptors like phosphatidyl serine (PS) for cellular entry, a process known as apoptotic mimicry.
- Countermeasure Unveiled: Researchers discovered an unexpected defense mechanism in the form of extracellular vesicles abundant in saliva and semen. These vesicles carry PS proteins, competing with viruses for entry receptors and thwarting infection.
- Broad Immunity: The defense mechanism isn't limited to Zika; it inhibits a spectrum of viruses including dengue, chikungunya, ebola, and more, underscoring its broad applicability in viral immunity.
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