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The Employment Stories
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Context
Analysis of NSSO data from 1983 to 2023 reveals nuanced insights into employment figures, challenging prevalent narratives and highlighting the need for robust research in understanding employment dynamics.
Trends in Employment Growth:
- Consistent Growth: Principal employment has consistently grown since 1983, with no period showing jobless growth, emphasizing the resilience of the employment landscape.
- Fastest Growth Period: The period from 2017-18 to 2022-23 witnessed the fastest increase in employment, with approximately 80 million additional jobs, spread across rural and urban sectors, manufacturing, agriculture, construction, and services.
- Inclusive Growth: Employment growth during this period has been well-distributed among various demographics, including women and older citizens, suggesting diverse factors driving workforce participation.
Factors Influencing Employment Dynamics:
- Changing Demographics: Increased workforce participation among women and older individuals may reflect shifting socio-economic dynamics, including improved access to resources and changing family structures.
- Role of Government Initiatives: Government schemes like the PMMY (Mudra) have likely contributed to the growth of self-employment, but the sustainability and desirability of this trend warrant further analysis.
- Wage Stagnation: Despite employment growth, there has been relative stagnation in aggregate wages and salaries, highlighting potential challenges in maintaining living standards and labor productivity.
Mains Question:
Analyse the trends in employment growth revealed by the analysis of NSSO data from 1983 to 2023, focusing on factors influencing employment dynamics.
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