Underperformance of Fast Track Special Courts in Delhi

Context:

Data presented in the Lok Sabha reveals that Fast Track Special Courts (FTSCs) in Delhi, established to expedite trials in rape and child sexual abuse cases, are facing significant delays in case disposal.

Fast Track Special Courts – Performance and Challenges in Delivering Swift Justice

Genesis of FTSCs

Legislative Basis – Established following the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2018, which introduced stricter provisions for crimes against women and children.
Judicial Direction – In July 2019, the Supreme Court mandated exclusive special courts in districts with more than 100 pending POCSO cases.
Government Initiative – FTSC scheme launched in August 2019, with each court mandated to dispose of at least 165 cases annually.

Present Status

Nationwide Figures – As of June 30, 2025, there are 725 FTSCs in 30 States/UTs, including 392 exclusive POCSO courts.
Delhi’s Position – 16 FTSCs (11 exclusive POCSO courts), with 6,278 cases instituted since inception; only 2,718 disposed.
Performance Gap – Case disposal rate significantly below target, indicating structural and procedural bottlenecks.

Impact on Survivors

Judicial Observations – Delays prolong trauma for survivors, worsening their psychological suffering (Justice SwaranaKanta Sharma, March 2024 ruling).
Advocacy Viewpoint – Lawyers argue cases could conclude within two months due to limited witnesses if seriousness is ensured.
Criticism of Model – Some legal experts term FTSCs a “political gimmick,” pointing to systemic backlog and diversion of resources from other cases.

Way Forward:

Judicial Manpower Augmentation – Appointment of dedicated judges for FTSCs to meet disposal targets.
Strict Procedural Timelines – Mandatory daily hearings and restrictions on adjournments.
Victim & Witness Support – Dedicated counselling, protection, and logistical assistance to encourage participation.
Technology Adoption – Use of virtual hearings and electronic evidence handling for quicker trials.
Data-Driven Monitoring – Regular performance audits of FTSCs with public disclosure.