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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
Context
In recent remarks by U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who announced a large-scale testing and research initiative to investigate environmental toxins as potential causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
- ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behaviour, typically appearing within the first three years of life.
- It is a spectrum disorder, meaning symptoms and severity vary widely among individuals.
Characteristics of ASD:
- Individuals may have difficulty with social communication, maintain repetitive behaviors, and show intense interest in specific topics.
- Unlike mental retardation, many individuals with ASD show exceptional abilities in fields like mathematics, art, or music.
Causes and Risk Factors:
- There is no single known cause; both genetic and environmental factors contribute to ASD risk.
- Advanced parental age, prenatal exposure to certain drugs, and family history of autism can be potential contributors.
Symptoms
- Key signs include reduced eye contact, delayed language development, trouble with conversation, and repetitive motor movements.
- Children may resist changes in routine and have unusually strong responses to sensory stimuli.
Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis is typically made by behavioral assessment tools and clinical evaluation—there is no blood test for ASD.
- While there is no cure, early intervention using behavioral therapy, special education, and caregiver training can significantly improve outcomes.
Global and Regional efforts to tackle Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):Global Efforts
National Initiatives (India)
Associated Goals and Conventions:
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