Major laws receive Presidential assent

Context

Several new laws, passed by Parliament recently came into force after they received the assent of President Droupadi Murmu. An official gazette notification in this regard was issued by the government.

The List

The legislations that become operational are the

1. Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023
2. The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Act, 2023
3. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
4. The Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Act, 2023
5. The Indian Institutes of Management (Amendment) Act, 2023
6. The National Dental Commission Act, 2023
7. The Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023

Others

Prior to the above the following new laws also became effective:
- The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023
- The Cinematograph (Amendment) Act, 2023
- The Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023
- The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Second Amendment) Act, 2023
- The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Act, 2023
- The Multi State Cooperative Societies Amendment Act 2023
- The Biological Diversity (Amendment) Act, 2023

How a Bill becomes an Act?

The Indian Constitution under Article 246 and Schedule VII granted the power to the Parliament and State Legislatures to make laws.
The constitution of Indiagives the various stages to pass the Bill.
The Bill when passed from both the houses of the parliament and take the assent from the President of India, Bill becomes the “Act of Legislature” or “A Statute”.
Types of bills passed in the Parliament: ordinary bill, money bill, financial bill and Constitutional Amendment Bill etc.

Types of Bills
Ordinary Bill (Article 107 & 108)	It is concerned with law making on matters other than money.
Money Bill (Article 110)	The Bill deals with matter other than financial subjects.
Financial Bill (Article 117 (1), Article 117(3))	It is concerned with financial matters (taxation, public expenditure etc)
Constitution Amendment Bill (Article 368)	It is concerned with the amendment of the provisions of the Constitution.
Ordinance Replacing Bill (Article 123)	The bill is introduced before the Parliament to replace an ordinance with or without amendments promulgated by the President