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Supreme Court on Student Mental Health
Context:
The Supreme Court in SukdebSaha vs State of Andhra Pradesh (July 2025) recognized mental health as part of the right to life under Article 21.
Constitutional and Legal Significance
- Mental health recognized as integral to Article 21 (Right to Life).
- Builds upon Mental Healthcare Act 2017, elevating the statutory right to fundamental constitutional right.
- Establishes Saha Guidelines: mandatory mental health support in schools, colleges, hostels, coaching institutes; district-level monitoring committees; enforceable until Parliament enacts a full code.
Socio-Criminological Dimensions
- Highlights structural victimisation: systemic neglect by educational institutions and state contributes to student vulnerability.
- Connects to structural violence theory (Johan Galtung): indirect societal harm through denial of basic needs (mental well-being) is blameworthy.
- Shifts perspective: student suicides are public injustice, not only individual tragedy.
Policy and Implementation Challenges
- Judicial recognition alone insufficient; effectiveness depends on institutional compliance, resource allocation, and personnel training.
- Emphasizes the need for proactive measures: counselling, preventive mechanisms, and restorative interventions.
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