16th November 2024 (9 Topics)
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AFSPA is a blunt instrument
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Context
After 19 months of ethnic conflict, the Union Home Ministry has reimposed the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in six police stations in Manipur, amid rising violence. The decision has reignited concerns due to the Act's controversial history in the state.
Ethnic Conflict and Government's Response
- Role of Ethnic Identities in the Conflict: Ethnic divisions have long shaped Manipur’s political and social structure, with the current violence stemming from a Meitei demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status, opposed by the Kuki-Zomi community. This has led to widespread displacement and loss of life.
- State's Focus on Law-and-Order: The state government continues to approach the crisis through a law-and-order lens, overlooking deeper political and ethnic issues. This narrow view risks further escalating tensions and undermines efforts to address the root causes of the conflict.
- Impact of AFSPA Reimposition: The reimposition of AFSPA has raised concerns due to its controversial use in Manipur. The Act, which grants sweeping powers to the military, is seen by many as exacerbating local distrust and alienating the population, especially amidst the absence of political dialogue.
Historical Context and Policy Challenges
- Historical Use of AFSPA in Manipur: AFSPA was first imposed in Manipur in 1958 and extended over the years, particularly in Meitei-majority areas. Despite strong local opposition, the Act has remained due to ongoing insurgency and unrest, despite calls for its repeal.
- Decline of Militancy and AFSPA Rollback: While AFSPA has been rolled back in many parts of the Northeast due to the decline in militancy, Manipur remains an exception, with continuing violence complicating efforts to lift the Act. The situation calls for nuanced solutions beyond the military approach.
- Need for Political and Administrative Reforms: To resolve the conflict, the Centre and state government must focus on addressing political and administrative failures. Reimposing AFSPA alone will not solve the ethnic tensions; comprehensive reforms and dialogue are crucial for long-term peace.
Practice Question:
Q. Discuss the implications of the reimposition of AFSPA in Manipur amidst ongoing ethnic conflict. How can the government address the underlying political issues for lasting peace?
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