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SC Directs Centre on Rehabilitation Framework for Sex Trafficking Victims
Context
The Supreme Court has asked the Union government to take urgent and prompt measures to address "highly sensitive and important" issue of establishment of a comprehensive rehabilitation framework for victims of sex trafficking, in view of legislative vaccum.
What is Human Trafficking?
- Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of people through force, fraud, or deception to exploit them for profit. The exploitation can take various forms, including:
- Sexual exploitation
- Forced labor
- Slavery
- Servitude
- Removal of organs
- According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), human trafficking is a serious global issue with wide-ranging consequences.
Global Severity of Human Trafficking
- Prevalence of Trafficking: According to the UNODC 2019 report, 60% of trafficking occurs within a single country.
- Victims of Sexual Exploitation
- 90% of sexual trafficking victims are women and girls.
- Forced Labor in South Asia
- In South Asia, 85% of trafficking victims are exploited for forced labor.
- Human trafficking is the third most challenging crime globally, following drug trafficking and weapons trade in terms of turnover and human misery.
Causes of Human Trafficking
- Poverty: Poverty creates vulnerability, with traffickers exploiting the desperate circumstances of people, especially in impoverished areas.
- Social and Cultural Factors: Social devaluation, especially of young women, makes them easy targets for traffickers.
- Migration: Migration due to economic opportunities, disasters, or conflict increases vulnerability, with traffickers using false promises to exploit individuals.
- Climate Change: Natural disasters and displacement due to climate change (both sudden and slow onset) exacerbate vulnerabilities to trafficking.
- Low Conviction Rate: Despite these legal provisions, the conviction rate in human trafficking cases remained 4% in 2022, indicating the challenges in effectively prosecuting traffickers.
- Other Contributing Factors: Corrupt officials, permeable borders, and international criminal groups further enable trafficking activities.
India’s Vulnerability to Human Trafficking
- Porous Borders: India, especially West Bengal, has a porous 2,216.7 km border with Bangladesh, facilitating both domestic and international human trafficking.
- Geographical Location: India's geographical proximity to opium-growing regions, such as the Golden Crescent (Afghanistan) and the Golden Triangle (Myanmar), contributes to trafficking networks in the region.
Legal and Constitutional Frameworks in India to Counter Human Trafficking
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