Climate change, a passing cloud in Indian politics

The discourse on climate change in Indian politics highlights the glaring omission of this critical issue from the electoral agendas of major political parties. This omission persists despite the pressing global environmental crises and the urgent need for sustainable development.

Political Reluctance and Strategic Avoidance:

• Introduction to the Issue: Despite significant environmental challenges, climate change remains a low priority in the electoral rhetoric of major political parties. This omission reflects a broader trend of sidelining long-term environmental sustainability for short-term economic gains.
• Calculated Omission: The reluctance to prioritize climate change stems from the potential political cost. Serious climate action requires addressing trade-offs between industrial growth and environmental sustainability, which could alienate powerful industrial constituencies.
• Vague Manifesto Commitments: manifestos of major parties lack concrete and actionable climate policies.

Impact of Political Inaction on Climate Policy:

• Widening Climate Vulnerability: India's vulnerability to climate impacts, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and severe air pollution, highlights the critical need for robust climate policies. However, political discourse continues to overlook these long-term threats.
• Electoral Disconnect: The absence of detailed climate action plans in electoral discussions sends a disheartening message to educated, middle-class voters, who increasingly demand actionable sustainability plans. This demographic is crucial for shaping public opinion and policy through their voting power.
• Policy Documents and Implementation: The National Action Plan on Climate Change and recent policy documents like the National Electricity Plan 2023 and the National Green Hydrogen Mission indicate some progress. However, these policies often follow a top-down approach, lacking grassroots demand and broader public engagement.

Challenges and Opportunities for Climate Action:

• Legal and Policy Frameworks: The Supreme Court's ruling in M.K. Ranjitsinh and Others vs Union of India affirms the right to be free from adverse climate effects, leveraging Articles 21 and 14 of the Indian Constitution. This ruling opens government climate bodies to legal scrutiny and accountability.
• Need for Political Will: Bridging the gap between electoral politics and effective climate policy requires political will to prioritize long-term environmental and social gains over immediate economic benefits. This shift demands a concerted effort from media, civil society, and the electorate.
• Role of the Electorate: The 2024 general election presents an opportunity for voters to demand more proactive and committed climate policies from their leaders. Informed voters must push for policies that ensure sustainable growth and environmental security, influencing the global fight against climate change.

UPSC Mains Question

1. Analyze the role of the judiciary in shaping climate jurisprudence in India and its potential to influence policy and action on climate change.